Insights into the removal of lithium and molybdenum from groundwater by adsorption onto activated carbon, bentonite, roasted date pits, and modified-roasted date pits

This study investigated the removal of lithium (Li) and molybdenum (Mo) from groundwater using activated carbon, bentonite, roasted date pits, modified-roasted pits as adsorbents under different experimental parameters including pH, initial concentration, temperature. Various adsorption isotherm models were used to determine best-fit model for obtained data. The negative values Gibbs energy (ΔG°) indicated a spontaneous favorable process at high temperatures. positive entropy (ΔS°) that controlled suggested possibility some structural changes or readjustments in adsorbate–adsorbent complex. efficiency Li increases 35 °C four adsorbents. At °C, maximum reached 95% AC, 94% MDPs, 63% 38% RDPs. showed highest Mo all real samples. increased with increase concentrations, its 25 was 80%.